Supplementing formation energy through water injection is the main way to develop old oil fields. However, formation non-homogeneity leads to the uncertainty of waterline advancement, which generates residual oil. In order to study the effect of water injection rate on the distribution of water-driven oil, we carried out water injection simulation experiments using the Tankou oilfield as an example. The oil saturation contour maps of several time points in the water-driven oil process were plotted by determining the trend of resistance value changes. We studied the drive path during the water-driven oil process, determined the location of residual oil distribution in the plane and longitudin... More >

The expansion of transportation infrastructure into geologically complex mountainous regions of China has increased encounters with gas-bearing non-coal strata during tunnel construction. Unlike coal-measure gas systems, gas occurrences in carbonate, clastic, and metamorphic rocks present distinct challenges due to multi-source origins, structurally controlled accumulation, and abrupt outburst mechanisms. This review examines existing research to establish a conceptual framework for this hazard category. Analysis of gas sources, reservoir characteristics, and geological controls indicates that non-coal gas tunnels require theoretical approaches distinct from coal-gas methodologies. A genetic... More >

The southern Sichuan Basin is rich in natural gas and is a key area for hydrocarbon exploration. Due to multi-phase tectonic movements, structural characteristics and preservation conditions are critical for gas accumulation. Focusing on the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the LY area, this study analyzes the regional and local structural framework to assess structural features and their impact on preservation conditions. Using indicators such as deformation intensity, caprock properties, formation water chemistry, and pressure coefficients, an evaluation system is established to identify favorable exploration zones. Results show that the LY area lies in the southern Sichuan low-steep str... More >

Laser Raman spectroscopy is a promising technique for real-time oil and gas detection in drilling fluids during drilling operations; however, the distribution of crude oil and its coupling with Raman spectral responses under varying temperature conditions remain insufficiently understood, which limits its quantitative applications in downhole environments. This study investigates the temperature- and concentration-dependent behavior of crude oil in oil-containing drilling fluids and develops a quantitative analytical method based on Raman spectroscopy for geological guidance. Crude oil is modeled as dispersed droplets within a continuous fluid phase, and Raman spectra are collected under dif... More >

Mineral exploration faces challenges from complex geological architectures and subtle geophysical expressions of mineralization. This study proposes a joint gravity–magnetic machine learning framework integrating magnetic anomaly, analytic signal, gravity, and Source Parameter Imaging depth estimates to enhance mineralization prediction in Nigeria's Middle Benue Trough and adjoining basement terrain. Five supervised algorithms were evaluated, with Random Forest achieving the highest performance (accuracy=0.954, precision=0.889, recall=0.819, macro-F1=0.850, ROC-AUC=0.978). Correlation analysis revealed low feature redundancy, while unsupervised clustering confirmed structural partitions co... More >

Global warming and climate change challenge us to implement sustainable energy systems. Urcuqui, located in the Imbabura province in the North of Ecuador, is one of the cities with the most promising renewable energy resources. Therefore, analyzing the energy potential of Urcuqui at the micro and macro scales will provide valuable information for the national efforts to pursue the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda. This work aims to identify strategic points with high viability to implement renewable energy systems by collecting information from local governments, such as Municipio de Urcuqui and Prefectura de Imbabura, and implementing advanced methodologies like GIS and mul... More >

The Paleogene-Neogene lacustrine source rocks in the Mangai area of the Qaidam Basin are significant exploration targets. A comprehensive evaluation of four major intervals (E$_3^2$, N$_1$, N$_2^1$, N$_2^2$) was conducted through systematic organic geochemistry, maceral identification, thermal maturity analysis, and burial-thermal history modeling. Results show TOC contents of 0.203~1.28% (avg. 0.74%), chloroform bitumen "A" of 0.0164~0.2495% (avg. 0.132%), and total hydrocarbon contents of 69.29~1637.48 $\mu$g/g (avg. 853.39 $\mu$g/g), indicating fair to good quality. Kerogen elemental analysis (H/C=0.97~1.21), maceral composition (sapropelinite+exinite=70~98%), and saturated hydrocarbon ch... More >

Shale gas, as a typical low-quality marginal hydrocarbon resource, faces persistently high drilling costs, which have become one of the main bottlenecks restricting its large-scale development. The Southern Sichuan region of China holds enormous shale gas reserves and is a strategically important area for achieving cost-effective large-scale development. However, as production capacity construction intensifies and the volume of investment and cost data increases, traditional data processing methods can no longer meet the timeliness and accuracy requirements for handling massive data. Accurate prediction of oil and gas drilling costs will help in making scientific decisions and evaluations. I... More >