The porosity parameter serves as a pivotal factor in determining the resistance exerted by a porous medium on fluid motion, especially in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows. This study presents a novel numerical investigation of the coupled influence of porosity, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating...

A numerical technique for the nonlinear thermal radiation effect on 3D (“Three Dimensional”) nanofluid (NFs) motion through shrinking or stretching surface with convective boundary condition is examined. In this investigation we use the convective and velocity slip conditions. The governing equation...

This study investigates the combined effects of porous medium properties, nanoparticle dynamics, and fluid characteristics on heat and mass transfer in nanofluid flow through a channel bounded by permeable walls. A comprehensive mathematical model is developed incorporating the Brinkman–Darcy moment...

This study describes convective temperature and mass transport in a magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid moving via an absorbing channel stretched across an extensive region while being influenced by a securing region. The analytical framework incorporates a multitude of factors including heat generation,...

Software testing is a fundamental pillar of software engineering which ensures that applications function correctly, meet user requirements, and remain reliable under different conditions. As software systems become more complex and the demand for faster development grows, testing strategies have ev...

This paper presents the Singularity Cipher, a novel cryptographic-steganographic framework that integrates topological transformations and visual paradoxes to achieve multidimensional security. Inspired by the non-orientable properties of the Klein bottle—constructed from two Möbius strips—the ciphe...

With the rapid evolution of cyber threats targeting critical services like SSH, traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are often unable to handle zero-day attacks and advanced persistent threats. This work proposes an intelligent IDS powered by SSH honeypots combined with machine learning. Th...

Requirements elicitation is one of the most important steps in the software development process. It involves understanding what users and stakeholders need from a system before it is built. Traditionally, this has been done using methods like interviews, questionnaires, document reviews, and direct...

The emerging field of underwater sensor networks (UWSN) has a vital potential shaping the modern and future landscape that assists in measuring water quality, pollution tracking, and identification of underwater habitats. The challenging conditions in the UWSN environments raise data and security co...

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a foundational pillar of Industry 4.0, enabling real-time data exchange and automation through the integration of smart sensors, actuators, and networked machinery. While this interconnectivity enhances operational efficiency and decision-making on the ind...