Hypertension, a life-threatening global health challenge, requires early detection to prevent severe cardiovascular complications. Fundus imaging reveals microvascular alterations, yet conventional diagnosis often misses subtle early changes. This study introduces a multimodal deep learning framework that integrates clinical data, fundus images, and demographic features to improve hypertension prediction. Unlike single-modality approaches, our method captures complementary risk factors from both structured and unstructured data. We evaluate machine learning and deep learning models on clinical data, confirming DL's superior accuracy. For fundus images alone, a CNN achieves 74.44% accuracy, h... More >

The rise of AI tools such as GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT has reshaped software development by providing substantial support for coding and debugging tasks. Although these tools enhance productivity and reduce routine workload, existing research has largely emphasized short-term efficiency gains, leaving their long-term cognitive and pedagogical effects insufficiently explored. This study investigates the cognitive trade-offs associated with sustained reliance on generative AI, with particular attention to students and junior developers. Recent empirical findings indicate that excessive dependence on AI assistance may weaken deep debugging skills, impede conceptual understanding, and challenge... More >

Software Engineering (SE) has traditionally relied on rule-based methods and human expertise to deliver reliable systems. As software systems grow more complex and the demand for intelligent and scalable solutions increases, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative approach. In particular, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) play a central role in this shift. This paper proposes a theoretical framework for AI-augmented Software Engineering. It emphasizes the role of machine learning and deep learning across the entire software engineering lifecycle including requirement analysis, design, development, testing, maintenance, project management, and process improveme... More >

Seafood quality inspection is critical for ensuring food safety and minimizing economic losses from spoilage. While traditional methods are slow and labor-intensive, computer vision and machine learning have emerged as efficient automated alternatives. This study presents SFFDNet, a software engineering-driven convolutional neural network featuring a lightweight 19-layer architecture with optimized feature extraction blocks and regularization strategies. With only 2.49 million parameters—significantly fewer than VGG16 (138M) and ResNet50 (25.6M)—our model achieves 98.80% accuracy on the Large-Scale Fish Segmentation and Classification Dataset. SFFDNet outperforms both transfer learning m... More >

The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly integrated into modern software-driven systems across consumer, industrial, and healthcare domains. The heterogeneity of IoT devices, combined with their resource constraints, often renders conventional software security mechanisms insufficient, exposing systems to breaches and exploitation. This study examines recent IoT security incidents to illustrate common vulnerabilities in software-intensive IoT ecosystems, highlighting the resulting risks to critical applications. In response, we review emerging machine learning (ML)-driven security modules and deep learning (DL)-based intrusion detection software, positioning them as adaptive components t... More >

Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) software is an important part of modern software applications. It is used for intelligent user interfaces, diagnostics in psychiatry or psychology, human-computer interaction, and even in surveillance. The recent advancements in the use of deep learning, and the advanced architectures based on them, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and transformer models have made the development of FER software much efficient and scalable. This review paper contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive synthesis of Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) systems from a software engineering perspective spanning the period from 2015 to the present.... More >

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is central to smart manufacturing, enabling real-time automation, data exchange, and system intelligence. However, the convergence of cyber-physical systems with legacy software and heterogeneous architectures introduces significant security challenges. This paper explores how software engineering principles can be strategically employed to enhance IIoT security by integrating threat modeling into the development lifecycle. In this study, we review classic models such as STRIDE, DREAD, and STPA-Sec, and evaluate their effectiveness when applied at various phases of the Secure Software Development Life Cycle (SSDLC). STRIDE focuses on classifying secur... More >

Software testing is a fundamental pillar of software engineering which ensures that applications function correctly, meet user requirements, and remain reliable under different conditions. As software systems become more complex and the demand for faster development grows, testing strategies have evolved to meet new challenges. This paper aims to comprehensively compare traditional and modern software testing techniques to provide practitioners with a structured understanding of their evolution, strengths, limitations, and applicability. It covers classical methods such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing and other testing types like black-box, white-box,... More >

Requirements elicitation is one of the most important steps in the software development process. It involves understanding what users and stakeholders need from a system before it is built. Traditionally, this has been done using methods like interviews, questionnaires, document reviews, and direct observation. These approaches work well in structured environments but often fall short when dealing with large, fast-changing, or agile projects. In recent years, software development has shifted toward more flexible and fast-paced practices. This change has also affected how requirements are gathered. New techniques now include collaborative tools, user feedback from online platforms, and the us... More >

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a foundational pillar of Industry 4.0, enabling real-time data exchange and automation through the integration of smart sensors, actuators, and networked machinery. While this interconnectivity enhances operational efficiency and decision-making on the industrial floor, it also introduces complex cybersecurity challenges. This work reviews literature related to the IIoT with a focus on threat modeling techniques, including mitigation strategies. It comprises the theoretical frameworks and the implemented solutions within the domains of critical infrastructure and manufacturing. The coexistence of legacy control software systems, stringent real-time... More >

With the rapid advancement of deep learning, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted growing interest due to their low power consumption, sensitivity to temporal information, and biological plausibility. However, deploying SNNs in resource-constrained, real-time embedded environments presents significant challenges--chiefly their complex training processes, limited hardware acceleration support, and the difficulty of performing scheduling analysis. This paper presents an integrated modeling and scheduling analysis framework for SNNs based on the MARTE (Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems) standard defined by the OMG. Key SNN components--such as neurons, synapses, an... More >

This editorial introduces the ICCK Journal of Software Engineering (JSE) as an academic platform dedicated to advancing research and innovation across the full spectrum of software engineering. The journal aims to create an inclusive and high-quality space for contributions that span from core theoretical foundations to the latest practical advancements, with a strong focus on emerging technologies. Software engineering as a discipline continues to face a wide range of unresolved challenges despite its critical role in shaping the digital world. Limitations in scalability, adaptability, integration of intelligent systems, and the gap between academic research and real-world application still... More >