Salient object detection aims to identify and segment the most visually prominent objects in images. Despite significant advances in deep learning, existing methods struggle to balance global context modeling, boundary preservation, and multi-scale feature integration. To address these limitations, we propose MAFNet (Multi-level Attention Fusion Network), a novel attention-driven framework that leverages specialized attention mechanisms tailored to different semantic levels. Our approach employs a Tokens-to-Token (T2T) Transformer backbone for hierarchical feature extraction, capturing both local structural details and global contextual relationships. The core contribution lies in a comprehe... More >

Precise segmentation of colorectal polyps in colonoscopy images is essential for timely cancer diagnosis and prevention. Nevertheless, current segmentation methods contend with intrinsic variability in polyp appearance, differences in size, shape, and texture, while preserving computational efficiency necessary for clinical implementation. In this paper, we present a novel segmentation architecture that integrates scale-specific attention mechanisms within a hybrid CNN-Transformer backbone to address these challenges. Our model employs Coordinate Attention for high-resolution feature maps to preserve spatial details essential for boundary delineation, and Channel Attention for deep semantic... More >

Falls are a major cause of injury, hospitalization, and loss of independence among older adults, spurring interest in visual intelligence-based automated fall detection for timely response and continuous monitoring. This article presents a systematic review of such systems, focusing on YOLO-based approaches. Following PRISMA guidelines, the review covers 2016–2025 literature, identifying 637 records and including 63 studies after screening. We examine datasets, preprocessing strategies, evaluation protocols, metrics, and hardware platforms, comparing reported accuracy, efficiency, and real-time feasibility across different designs. Evidence is strongest for YOLOv3 through YOLOv9, while evi... More >

Camouflaged object detection (COD) remains a significant challenge in computer vision. Existing approaches struggle to address both body immersion and structural ambiguity simultaneously, leading to inaccurate boundary delineations. This paper presents a novel Visual Sensing framework via Multiscale Edge-Aware Learning with Hybrid Attention. The proposed framework integrates hierarchical feature extraction, adaptive attention mechanisms, and progressive multi-scale fusion to achieve robust COD. We employ EfficientNetB7 as the backbone network to extract six-scale hierarchical features, capturing both fine-grained spatial details and high-level semantic representations. Initial shallow featur... More >

With the rapid advancement of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, there is a need for lightweight and accurate object detection on resource-constrained platforms. This paper proposes MS-CADNet, an anchor-free network for small object detection in aerial imagery. It uses a MobileNetV3-Small backbone and a two-branch gated Context Attention Module (CAM) to enhance feature quality. On the VisDrone-DET benchmark, it achieves 31.2% mAP, surpassing YOLOv8-Small and CEASC. The model attains 19.2% AP for small objects with only 3.1M parameters and 5.4 GFLOPs, making it suitable for real-time UAV deployment. More >

A safety-critical control scheme based on fully actuated system approach (FASA) framework is developed for spacecraft relative motion tracking under external disturbances and multiple forbidden regions. For tracking performance, the nominal controller is designed by using the FASA framework, such that the controller design process can be simplified. For safety constraints, a disturbance-tolerant control barrier function incorporating low-pass filtered disturbance compensation is introduced to mitigate interference effects. Furthermore, a sequential correction strategy is developed to resolve safety constraints through offline-computed quadratic program (QP) solutions, which can eliminate dep... More >

Bridge surface defect detection plays a critical role in ensuring traffic safety and facilitating infrastructure maintenance. A lightweight object detection network based on YOLOv10, termed LBSD-YOLO, is developed to achieve high detection accuracy while maintaining high efficiency for deployment on resource-constrained devices. The proposed framework consists of three main components: a feature extraction backbone, a feature fusion neck, and a detection head. In the backbone, the C2f\_FEMA (C2f with Feature Enhancement and Multi-branch Attention) module and the LAEDS (Lightweight Adaptive Encoder–Decoder for Sampling) spatial attention module are incorporated to enhance multi-scale featur... More >

Salient object detection in RGB-D imagery remains challenging due to inconsistent depth quality and suboptimal cross-modal fusion strategies. This paper presents a novel dual-stream architecture that integrates contextual feature refinement with adaptive attention mechanisms for robust RGB-D saliency detection. We extract two features from the ResNet-50 backbone for both the RGB and depth streams, capturing low-level spatial details and high-level semantic representations. We introduce a Contextual Feature Refinement Module (CFRM) that captures multi-scale dependencies through parallel dilated convolutions, enabling hierarchical context aggregation without substantial computational overhead.... More >