In the context of the accelerated global aging process and the increasingly diverse health care demands, the shortage of skilled elderly care and nursing professionals has emerged as a key constraint impeding the development of this sector. This article offers a systematic review of both domestic and international research on the development of elderly care and nursing talent, examines structural deficiencies in current training models, and proposes reform pathways informed by international best practices and localized implementation. The findings reveal that the existing training system is confronted with three major challenges: curricula that do not align with industry needs, limited practical skill development, and insufficient integration between education and industry. Drawing on the German dual system and the Japanese long-term care model, this study illustrates how interdisciplinary collaboration, tiered certification frameworks, and cultural integration have enhanced the adaptability of professional competencies. Future reforms should be guided by the principles of "collaboration between medicine and education, integration of theory and practice, and cross-sectoral integration," with the objective of establishing a demand-driven, competency-based training system. This article aims to provide theoretical insights and actionable recommendations for advancing innovation in elderly care education.