Phenol Photodegradation over Ni/MCM-41: Effect of the Ni Incorporation Method
Research Article  ·  Published: 28 May 2026
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Journal of Chemical Engineering and Renewable Fuels
Volume 2, Issue 2, 2026: 65-70
Research Article Open Access

Phenol Photodegradation over Ni/MCM-41: Effect of the Ni Incorporation Method

1 Doctorado en Ingeniería y Tecnología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
2 Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas and Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
3 Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
4 Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
5 Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería and Posgrados en Ingeniería y Tecnología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
* Corresponding Author: Leo Alvarado Perea, [email protected]
Volume 2, Issue 2

Article Information

Abstract

This study explores the synthesis and application of Ni-based photocatalysts supported on MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 for phenol degradation. Three preparation methods were evaluated and compared: Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Incipient Wet Impregnation (IWI), and Template Ion Exchange (TIE). The influence of the Si/Al ratio of 5 and 60 on phenol photodegradation was also examined. The results showed that the Ni/MCM-41 photocatalyst prepared by CVD achieved the highest degradation efficiency (97.28%), while the TIE method proved to be the most versatile overall. Notably, the TIE method was the only synthesis method capable of exhibiting photocatalytic activity in phenol degradation on all supports at different Si/Al ratios, unlike the materials prepared by CVD and IWI, which failed to degrade phenol in the presence of aluminum. These results indicate the TIE method as a novel synthesis method for the development of mesoporous photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity in the degradation of phenol with different Si/Al ratios in the MCM-41 structure.

Graphical Abstract

Phenol Photodegradation over Ni/MCM-41: Effect of the Ni Incorporation Method

Keywords

Ni/MCM-41 photodegradation of phenol TIE CVD IWI

Data Availability Statement

Data will be made available on request.

Funding

This work was supported by the Secretariat of Science, Humanities, Technology and Innovation (SECIHTI), Mexico.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

AI Use Statement

The authors declare that generative AI tools were used in the preparation of this manuscript. ChatGPT-5 was used for grammatical and stylistic refinement in the Introduction and Discussion sections. Grammarly was used for language checking and overall manuscript proofreading.

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

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Cite This Article

APA Style
Esquivel Corona, Y. A., Romero De León, L. A., Valdez Valdez, E., Valero Luna, C. Y., Bañuelos Frías, A., & Alvarado Perea, L. (2026). Phenol Photodegradation over Ni/MCM-41: Effect of the Ni Incorporation Method. Journal of Chemical Engineering and Renewable Fuels, 2(2), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.62762/JCERF.2026.349345
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Corona, Yulissa Aleli Esquivel
AU  - León, Laura Annette Romero De
AU  - Valdez, Elvia Valdez
AU  - Luna, Claudia Yolanda Valero
AU  - Frías, Alan Bañuelos
AU  - Perea, Leo Alvarado
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/28
TI  - Phenol Photodegradation over Ni/MCM-41: Effect of the Ni Incorporation Method
JO  - Journal of Chemical Engineering and Renewable Fuels
T2  - Journal of Chemical Engineering and Renewable Fuels
JF  - Journal of Chemical Engineering and Renewable Fuels
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
SP  - 65
EP  - 70
DO  - 10.62762/JCERF.2026.349345
UR  - https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JCERF.2026.349345
KW  - Ni/MCM-41
KW  - photodegradation of phenol
KW  - TIE
KW  - CVD
KW  - IWI
AB  - This study explores the synthesis and application of Ni-based photocatalysts supported on MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 for phenol degradation. Three preparation methods were evaluated and compared: Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Incipient Wet Impregnation (IWI), and Template Ion Exchange (TIE). The influence of the Si/Al ratio of 5 and 60 on phenol photodegradation was also examined. The results showed that the Ni/MCM-41 photocatalyst prepared by CVD achieved the highest degradation efficiency (97.28%), while the TIE method proved to be the most versatile overall. Notably, the TIE method was the only synthesis method capable of exhibiting photocatalytic activity in phenol degradation on all supports at different Si/Al ratios, unlike the materials prepared by CVD and IWI, which failed to degrade phenol in the presence of aluminum. These results indicate the TIE method as a novel synthesis method for the development of mesoporous photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity in the degradation of phenol with different Si/Al ratios in the MCM-41 structure.
SN  - 3070-1058
PB  - Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge
LA  - English
ER  - 
BibTeX Format
Compatible with LaTeX, BibTeX, and other reference managers
@article{Corona2026Phenol,
  author = {Yulissa Aleli Esquivel Corona and Laura Annette Romero De León and Elvia Valdez Valdez and Claudia Yolanda Valero Luna and Alan Bañuelos Frías and Leo Alvarado Perea},
  title = {Phenol Photodegradation over Ni/MCM-41: Effect of the Ni Incorporation Method},
  journal = {Journal of Chemical Engineering and Renewable Fuels},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {65-70},
  doi = {10.62762/JCERF.2026.349345},
  url = {https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JCERF.2026.349345},
  abstract = {This study explores the synthesis and application of Ni-based photocatalysts supported on MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 for phenol degradation. Three preparation methods were evaluated and compared: Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Incipient Wet Impregnation (IWI), and Template Ion Exchange (TIE). The influence of the Si/Al ratio of 5 and 60 on phenol photodegradation was also examined. The results showed that the Ni/MCM-41 photocatalyst prepared by CVD achieved the highest degradation efficiency (97.28\%), while the TIE method proved to be the most versatile overall. Notably, the TIE method was the only synthesis method capable of exhibiting photocatalytic activity in phenol degradation on all supports at different Si/Al ratios, unlike the materials prepared by CVD and IWI, which failed to degrade phenol in the presence of aluminum. These results indicate the TIE method as a novel synthesis method for the development of mesoporous photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity in the degradation of phenol with different Si/Al ratios in the MCM-41 structure.},
  keywords = {Ni/MCM-41, photodegradation of phenol, TIE, CVD, IWI},
  issn = {3070-1058},
  publisher = {Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge}
}

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CC BY Copyright © 2026 by the Author(s). Published by Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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