Research Article
Open Access
A Stochastic Impulsive Competition Model for Tumor Evolution under Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy
1
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
2
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Optimization and Intelligent Control, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
Corresponding Author:
Yuanshun Tan,
[email protected]
Volume 2, Issue 1
2026
Received: 13 December 2025
Accepted: 02 March 2026
Published: 11 March 2026
Article Information
Volume/Issue
Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026
Pages
36-53
Abstract
In prostate cancer treatment, intermittent androgen deprivation therapy can delay the emergence of drug resistance, yet its efficacy is influenced by environmental fluctuations, treatment parameters, and competition among tumor cell populations. To investigate the mechanisms underlying resistance during intermittent therapy, we developed a stochastic impulsive differential equation model. First, a global analysis of the model without environmental noise is conducted. Subsequently, sufficient conditions for tumor extinction and persistence are established based on stochastic stability theory. Numerical simulations further demonstrate that moderate noise suppresses tumor growth, and an optimal treatment intensity exists beyond which excessive intervention accelerates drug resistance. Moreover, excessively high treatment frequency impairs the recovery of androgen‑dependent cells, thereby compromising resistance control.
Graphical Abstract
Keywords
prostate cancer
intermittent androgen suppression
stochastic impulsive model
drug resistance
Data Availability Statement
Data will be made available on request.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 12271068 and Grant 12301618.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
AI Use Statement
The authors declare that no generative AI was used in the preparation of this manuscript.
Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
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APA Style
Chang, B., & Tan, Y. (2026). A Stochastic Impulsive Competition Model for Tumor Evolution under Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy. Journal of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Applications, 2(1), 36–53. https://doi.org/10.62762/JMIA.2025.355794
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TY - JOUR AU - Chang, Bingting AU - Tan, Yuanshun PY - 2026 DA - 2026/03/11 TI - A Stochastic Impulsive Competition Model for Tumor Evolution under Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy JO - Journal of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Applications T2 - Journal of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Applications JF - Journal of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Applications VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 36 EP - 53 DO - 10.62762/JMIA.2025.355794 UR - https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JMIA.2025.355794 KW - prostate cancer KW - intermittent androgen suppression KW - stochastic impulsive model KW - drug resistance AB - In prostate cancer treatment, intermittent androgen deprivation therapy can delay the emergence of drug resistance, yet its efficacy is influenced by environmental fluctuations, treatment parameters, and competition among tumor cell populations. To investigate the mechanisms underlying resistance during intermittent therapy, we developed a stochastic impulsive differential equation model. First, a global analysis of the model without environmental noise is conducted. Subsequently, sufficient conditions for tumor extinction and persistence are established based on stochastic stability theory. Numerical simulations further demonstrate that moderate noise suppresses tumor growth, and an optimal treatment intensity exists beyond which excessive intervention accelerates drug resistance. Moreover, excessively high treatment frequency impairs the recovery of androgen‑dependent cells, thereby compromising resistance control. SN - 3070-393X PB - Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge LA - English ER -
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@article{Chang2026A,
author = {Bingting Chang and Yuanshun Tan},
title = {A Stochastic Impulsive Competition Model for Tumor Evolution under Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy},
journal = {Journal of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Applications},
year = {2026},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {36-53},
doi = {10.62762/JMIA.2025.355794},
url = {https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JMIA.2025.355794},
abstract = {In prostate cancer treatment, intermittent androgen deprivation therapy can delay the emergence of drug resistance, yet its efficacy is influenced by environmental fluctuations, treatment parameters, and competition among tumor cell populations. To investigate the mechanisms underlying resistance during intermittent therapy, we developed a stochastic impulsive differential equation model. First, a global analysis of the model without environmental noise is conducted. Subsequently, sufficient conditions for tumor extinction and persistence are established based on stochastic stability theory. Numerical simulations further demonstrate that moderate noise suppresses tumor growth, and an optimal treatment intensity exists beyond which excessive intervention accelerates drug resistance. Moreover, excessively high treatment frequency impairs the recovery of androgen‑dependent cells, thereby compromising resistance control.},
keywords = {prostate cancer, intermittent androgen suppression, stochastic impulsive model, drug resistance},
issn = {3070-393X},
publisher = {Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge}
}
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Copyright © 2026 by the Author(s). Published by Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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