Abstract
Agriculture plays a fundamental role in sustaining the global economy and ensuring food security, yet farmers often rely on intuition and traditional practices for crop selection, leading to inefficiencies in yield and resource utilization. This research proposes a machine learning-based system for smart crop prediction and recommendation, aimed at enhancing precision agriculture through data-driven decision-making. The study integrates historical datasets containing soil parameters (pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and climatic factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall) with real-time environmental data fetched via APIs. Multiple machines learning models, including Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, XGBoost, and Random Forest Classifiers, were evaluated, with the Random Forest model achieving the highest prediction accuracy of 87.93%. A user-friendly Flask web application was developed to allow farmers to input their location and receive real-time crop recommendations. Data preprocessing techniques such as normalization, feature selection, and outlier handling were implemented to improve model performance. Challenges like data imbalance, environmental variability, and the absence of socio-economic factors were acknowledged and addressed where possible. The system's adaptability and scalability make it suitable for diverse agricultural contexts, offering a significant step towards smart farming solutions. Future enhancements will involve the integration of IoT sensors, satellite imagery, and advanced deep learning techniques to further increase prediction reliability and applicability across different regions.
Keywords
smart crop prediction
machine learning in agriculture
precision farming
random forest classifier
agricultural decision support system
real-time data integration
Data Availability Statement
Data will be made available on request.
Funding
This work was supported without any funding.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
Cite This Article
APA Style
Behera, S., Reddy, N. T. K., & Pradhan, S. (2025). Development of an Intelligent Agricultural Decision Support System for Crop Recommendation Using Machine Learning Techniques. Next-Generation Computing Systems and Technologies, 1(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.62762/NGCST.2025.340075
Publisher's Note
ICCK stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and Permissions

Copyright © 2025 by the Author(s). Published by Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.