Drought stress is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses threatening global food security. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 5 (MKK5) are independently recognized as central regulators of plant stress adaptation; however, the molecular interse...

Plant diseases increasingly threaten global agriculture due to climate change, yet manual diagnosis remains challenging. We introduce B2-GraftingNet, a lightweight deep-learning framework for automated grape-leaf disease detection that combines a VGG16 backbone with Inception-style blocks to learn r...

AI-driven metaheuristic optimization algorithms have demonstrated strong potential in solving complex, high-dimensional engineering design problems. This paper applies and systematically compares three representative swarm-intelligence and evolutionary computation methods—particle swarm optimization...

To improve the prediction accuracy of slope stability and prevent slope failure accidents, this study proposes a slope stability prediction model based on an improved pelican optimization algorithm optimized random forest (Improved Pelican Optimization Algorithm optimized Random Forest, IPOA-RF). Fi...

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C$_3$N$_4$) has garnered interest as a versatile photocatalytic platform owing to its tailorable electronic architecture; however, its solar-to-chemical conversion is bottlenecked by high exciton binding energies and slow charge-carrier transport. To circumvent these impe...

Lead-free (1-$x$)SrTiO$_3$-$x$CaZrO$_3$ solid-solution ceramics ($x$ = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were synthesized via the conventional solid-state route to investigate structure-microstructure-dielectric relationships. X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples confirmed single-phase formation for all...

The problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is becoming more and more serious, and it is urgent to develop new antibacterial drugs to cope with this situation. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of natural peptides with advantages including broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and a l...

Maternal mortality in Bangladesh remains a critical public health challenge, with recent evidence indicating stagnation in mortality reduction despite expanded facility-based delivery and skilled birth attendance. Accurate identification of high-risk cases is essential to enable targeted interventio...

Personalized learning has become a popular term in education to address learner diversity and enhance student performance. However, its implementation remains a practical challenge in many developing countries due to the lack of fine-grained learning data and platforms. This study proposes a data-dr...

Plants, being sessile, must constantly monitor and respond to environmental fluctuations and stressors. Among the diverse signalling modalities (chemical, hydraulic, hormonal), electrical signals stand out for their rapid propagation and capacity to serve as early warning cues. In this review, we ex...