Shales and mudstones are fine-grained sedimentary rocks of global extent and considerable economic importance. Dating them is not straightforward, because clay minerals such as illite can reset isotopic systems during diagenesis. K-Ar, Ar-Ar and Rb-Sr dates of shales therefore often record diageneti...

Digital Twin (DT) technology models and synchronizes physical systems through virtual counterparts. Existing mathematical formulations of DTs concentrate on physical-virtual synchronization and say little about how representations of the same system at different levels of detail should be related. T...

We study travelling-wave solutions of the generalized Sharma-Tasso-Olver (GSTO) equation $u_t+\lambda(u^{r})_x+\mu(u^{s})_{xx}+\nu u_{xxx}=0$, in which the exponents $r,s>0$ need not be integers. The classical, modified and generalized Kudryashov methods are applied to the reduced ordinary different...

Large language model (LLM) agents turn model-generated decisions into tool calls, API requests, code execution, data access, and transactions. When agent reasoning is manipulated or simply wrong, model-centric guardrails cannot by themselves stop the resulting action. We systematically reviewed runt...

Compartmental and tracer-kinetic models are widely used to describe radiopharmaceutical uptake in brain PET and SPECT, but in simple analytical models the fraction of transferred activity that reaches the brain is seldom isolated as a parameter of its own. This study defines a dimensionless Brain Up...

This study formulates a mathematical and computational model of tumor-cell-density regression in pancreatic cancer treated with carbon-ion hadron therapy. A reaction-diffusion equation with logistic proliferation and a local radiation-induced loss term is derived term by term, discretized with a two...

Filipino domestic workers have been known to endure various challenges inherent to overseas employment, which may contribute to elevated psychological distress and suicidal behavior within this population. However, existing mental health programs are deemed insufficient due to their lack of long-ter...

Petal browning is the primary limiting factor compromising the postharvest quality of narcissus (Narcissus tazetta L.) cut flowers. This study investigated the effects of melatonin (0.25 and 0.50 mM, each in 2% sucrose), compared with a control (distilled water) and sucrose alone (2%), on color stab...

Wellsite X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of drill cuttings provides multi-element profiles for chemostratigraphy, well correlation and reservoir characterization, but the data are exposed to artefacts of the drilling workflow, such as drilling-fluid residue, carry-over between samples and detector...

The electronic structure of a cathode material sets its redox chemistry, energy density, transport kinetics and structural stability, yet it is rarely discussed in conjunction with the structural design strategies that are used to improve performance. This perspective links electronic energy levels...